Sumber Karbon (geologi)

Beerling, David (2007). The Emerald Planet: How Plants Changed Earth's History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192806024.
"The Carboniferous Period". www.ucmp.berkeley.edu. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-02-10.
Biello, David (28 June 2012). "White Rot Fungi Slowed Coal Formation". Scientific American. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 30 June 2012. Dicapai pada 8 March 2013.
Blackwell, Meredith; Vilgalys, Rytas; James, Timothy Y.; Taylor, John W. (2008). "Fungi. Eumycota: mushrooms, sac fungi, yeast, molds, rusts, smuts, etc". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-09-24. Dicapai pada 2008-06-25.
Conybeare, W. D.; Phillips, William (1822). Outlines of the geology of England and Wales : with an introductory compendium of the general principles of that science, and comparative views of the structure of foreign countries. Part I. London: William Phillips. OCLC 1435921.
Cossey, P.J.; Adams, A.E.; Purnell, M.A.; Whiteley, M.J.; Whyte, M.A.; Wright, V.P. (2004). British Lower Carboniferous Stratigraphy. Geological Conservation Review. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. m/s. 3. ISBN 1-86107-499-9.
Davydov, Vladimir; Glenister, Brian; Spinosa, Claude; Ritter, Scott; Chernykh, V.; Wardlaw, B.; Snyder, W. (March 1998). "Proposal of Aidaralash as Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for base of the Permian System" (PDF). Episodes. 21: 11–18. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1998/v21i1/003. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2022-10-09. Dicapai pada 7 December 2020.
Dudley, Robert (24 March 1998). "Atmospheric Oxygen, Giant Paleozoic Insects and the Evolution of Aerial Locomotor Performance" (PDF). The Journal of Experimental Biology. 201 (Pt 8): 1043–1050. doi:10.1242/jeb.201.8.1043. PMID 9510518. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 24 January 2013.
Floudas, D.; Binder, M.; Riley, R.; Barry, K.; Blanchette, R. A.; Henrissat, B.; Martinez, A. T.; Otillar, R.; Spatafora, J. W. (28 June 2012). "The Paleozoic Origin of Enzymatic Lignin Decomposition Reconstructed from 31 Fungal Genomes". Science. 336 (6089): 1715–1719. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1715F. doi:10.1126/science.1221748. OSTI 1165864. PMID 22745431. Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (bantuan); |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (bantuan)
Garwood, Russell J.; Edgecombe, Gregory (2011). "Early terrestrial animals, evolution and uncertainty". Evolution: Education and Outreach. 4 (3): 489–501. doi:10.1007/s12052-011-0357-y.
Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A.; Sutton, Mark D. (2009). "High-fidelity X-ray micro-tomography reconstruction of siderite-hosted Carboniferous arachnids". Biology Letters. 5 (6): 841–844. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0464. PMC 2828000. PMID 19656861.
Garwood, Russell J.; Sutton, Mark D. (2010). "X-ray micro-tomography of Carboniferous stem-Dictyoptera: New insights into early insects". Biology Letters. 6 (5): 699–702. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0199. PMC 2936155. PMID 20392720.
Haq, B. U.; Schutter, SR (2008). "A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes". Science. 322 (5898): 64–68. Bibcode:2008Sci...322...64H. doi:10.1126/science.1161648. PMID 18832639.
Heckel, P.H. (2008). "Pennsylvanian cyclothems in Midcontinent North America as far-field effects of waxing and waning of Gondwana ice sheets". Dalam Christopher R. Fielding; Tracy D. Frank; John L. Isbell (penyunting). Resolving the Late Paleozoic Ice Age in Time and Space. Geological Society of America Special Papers. 441. m/s. 275–289. doi:10.1130/2008.2441(19). ISBN 978-0-8137-2441-6.
Hogan, C. Michael (2010). "Fern". Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington, DC: National council for Science and the Environment. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada November 9, 2011.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: <span class="mw-reference-text" id="mw-reference-text-cite_note-1">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</span>Howe, John Allen (1911). "Carboniferous System". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 309–313.
Kaiser, Sandra (1 April 2009). "The Devonian/Carboniferous boundary stratotype section (La Serre, France) revisited". Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 43 (2): 195–205. doi:10.1127/0078-0421/2009/0043-0195. Dicapai pada 7 December 2020.
Kazlev, M. Alan (1998). "The Carboniferous Period of the Paleozoic Era: 299 to 359 million years ago". Palaeos.org. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-06-21. Dicapai pada 2008-06-23.
Krulwich, R. (2016). "The Fantastically Strange Origin of Most Coal on Earth". National Geographic. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada August 11, 2018. Dicapai pada 30 July 2020.
Martin, R. Aidan. "A Golden Age of Sharks". Biology of Sharks and Rays | ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-05-22. Dicapai pada 2008-06-23.
Menning, M.; Alekseev, A.S.; Chuvashov, B.I.; Davydov, V.I.; Devuyst, F.X.; Forke, H.C.; Grunt, T.A.; Hance, L.; Heckel, P.H. (2006). "Global time scale and regional stratigraphic reference scales of Central and West Europe, East Europe, Tethys, South China, and North America as used in the Devonian–Carboniferous–Permian Correlation Chart 2003 (DCP 2003)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 240: 318–372. Bibcode:2006PPP...240..318M. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.058. Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (bantuan)
Monastersky, Richard (13 May 1995). "Ancient Animals Got a Rise out of Oxygen". Science News. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 3 January 2013. Dicapai pada 1 May 2018.
Ogg, Jim (June 2004). "Overview of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSP's)". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada April 23, 2006. Dicapai pada April 30, 2006.
Paproth, Eva; Feist, Raimund; Flajs, Gerd (December 1991). "Decision on the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary stratotype" (PDF). Episodes. 14 (4): 331–336. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1991/v14i4/004. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2022-10-09.
Sahney, S.; Benton, M.J.; Falcon-Lang, H.J. (2010). "Rainforest collapse triggered Pennsylvanian tetrapod diversification in Euramerica". Geology. 38 (12): 1079–1082. Bibcode:2010Geo....38.1079S. doi:10.1130/G31182.1.
Stanley, S.M. (1999). Earth System History. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 978-0-7167-2882-5.
Rainer Zangerl and Gerard Ramon Case: Iniopterygia: a new order of Chondrichthyan fishes from the Pennsylvanian of North America. Fieldiana Geology Memoirs, v. 6, Field Museum of Natural History, 1973 Biodiversity Heritage Library (Volltext, engl.)
Robinson, JM (1990). "Lignin, land plants, and fungi: Biological evolution affecting Phanerozoic oxygen balance". Geology. 18 (7): 607–610. Bibcode:1990Geo....18..607R. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0607:LLPAFB>2.3.CO;2.
Scott, A. C.; Glasspool, I. J. (18 July 2006). "The diversification of Paleozoic fire systems and fluctuations in atmospheric oxygen concentration". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (29): 10861–10865. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10310861S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604090103. PMC 1544139. PMID 16832054.
Verberk, Wilco C.E.P.; Bilton, David T. (July 27, 2011). "Can Oxygen Set Thermal Limits in an Insect and Drive Gigantism?". PLOS ONE. 6 (7): e22610. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...622610V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022610. PMC 3144910. PMID 21818347.
Ward, P.; Labandeira, Conrad; Laurin, Michel; Berner, Robert A. (November 7, 2006). "Confirmation of Romer's Gap is a low oxygen interval constraining the timing of initial arthropod and vertebrate terrestrialization". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (45): 16818–16822. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10316818W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0607824103. PMC 1636538. PMID 17065318.
Wells, John (3 April 2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (ed. 3rd). Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
"A History of Palaeozoic Forests - Part 2 The Carboniferous coal swamp forests". Forschungsstelle für Paläobotanik. Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-09-20.